SQL Server Mathematical Functions
The following scalar math functions perform a calculation, usually based on input values that are provided as arguments, and return a numeric value. All mathematical functions, except for RAND, are deterministic functions. This means they return the same results each time they are called with a specific set of input values. The RAND function is only deterministic when a seed parameter is specified.
Arithmetic functions, such as ABS, CEILING, DEGREES, FLOOR, POWER, RADIANS, and SIGN, return a value having the same data type as the input value. Trigonometric and other functions, including EXP, LOG, LOG10, SQUARE, and SQRT, cast their input values to float and return a float value.
Tags: SQL Server String Functions SQL SQL Server Functions. Character String Data Types and Functions with Sample SQL Statements. Quick reference, Data Type Tables, Function Tables. SQL Server Date and Time Functions SQL Server Configuration Functions SQL Server Aggregate Functions SQL Server Metadata Functions SQL Server Security Functions SQL Server Mathematical Functions SQL Server System Functions.
The following scalar math functions perform a calculation, usually based on input values that are provided as arguments, and return a numeric value. All mathematical functions, except for RAND, are deterministic functions. This means they return the same results each time they are called with a specific set of input values. The RAND function is only deterministic when a seed parameter is specified.
Arithmetic functions, such as ABS, CEILING, DEGREES, FLOOR, POWER, RADIANS, and SIGN, return a value having the same data type as the input value. Trigonometric and other functions, including EXP, LOG, LOG10, SQUARE, and SQRT, cast their input values to float and return a float value.
MS SQL Server Mathematical Functions |
Function | Description |
ABS | A mathematical function that returns the absolute (positive) value of the specified numeric expression.
Syntax:
ABS ( numeric_expression ) |
ACOS | A mathematical function that returns the angle, in radians, whose cosine is the specified float expression; also called arccosine.
Syntax:
ACOS ( float_expression ) |
ASIN | Returns the angle, in radians, whose sine is the specified float expression. This is also called arcsine.
Syntax:
ASIN ( float_expression ) |
ATAN | Returns the angle in radians whose tangent is a specified float expression. This is also called arctangent.
Syntax:
ATAN ( float_expression ) |
ATN2 | Returns the angle, in radians, between the positive x-axis and the ray from the origin to the point (y, x), where x and y are the values of the two specified float expressions.
Syntax:
ATN2 ( float_expression, float_expression ) |
CEILING | Returns the smallest integer greater than, or equal to, the specified numeric expression.
Syntax:
CEILING ( numeric_expression ) |
COS | Is a mathematical function that returns the trigonometric cosine of the specified angle, in radians, in the specified expression.
Syntax:
COS ( float_expression ) |
COT | A mathematical function that returns the trigonometric cotangent of the specified angle, in radians, in the specified float expression.
Syntax:
COT ( float_expression ) |
DEGREES | Returns the corresponding angle in degrees for an angle specified in radians.
Syntax:
DEGREES ( numeric_expression ) |
EXP | Returns the exponential value of the specified float expression.
Syntax:
EXP ( float_expression ) |
FLOOR | Returns the largest integer less than or equal to the specified numeric expression.
Syntax:
FLOOR ( numeric_expression ) |
LOG | Returns the natural logarithm of the specified float expression.
Syntax:
LOG ( float_expression ) |
LOG10 | Returns the base-10 logarithm of the specified float expression.
Syntax:
LOG10 ( float_expression ) |
PI | Returns the constant value of PI.
Syntax:
PI () |
POWER | Returns the value of the specified expression to the specified power.
Syntax:
POWER ( float_expression, y ) |
RADIANS | Returns radians when a numeric expression, in degrees, is entered.
Syntax:
RADIANS ( numeric_expression ) |
RAND | Returns a pseudo-random float value from 0 through 1, exclusive.
Syntax:
RAND ( [ seed ] ) |
ROUND | Returns a numeric value, rounded to the specified length or precision.
Syntax:
ROUND ( numeric_expression, length [ , function ] ) |
SIGN | Returns the positive (+1), zero (0), or negative (-1) sign of the specified expression.
Syntax:
SIGN ( numeric_expression ) |
SIN | Returns the trigonometric sine of the specified angle, in radians, and in an approximate numeric, float, expression.
Syntax:
SIN ( float_expression ) |
SQRT | Returns the square root of the specified float value.
Syntax:
SQRT ( float_expression ) |
SQUARE | Returns the square of the specified float value.
Syntax:
SQUARE ( float_expression ) |
TAN | Returns the tangent of the input expression.
Syntax:
TAN ( float_expression ) |