21) What is Bash Shell?
It is a free shell designed to work on the UNIX system. Being the default shell for most UNIX-based systems, it combines features that are available both in the C and Korn Shell.
22) Enumerate some of the most commonly used network commands in UNIX?
– telnet – used for remote login – ping – an echo request for testing connectivity – su – user switching command – ftp – file transfer protocol used for copying files – finger – information gathering command
23) Differentiate cmp command from diff command.?
The cmp command is used mainly to compare two files byte by byte, after which the first encountered mismatch is shown. On the other hand, the diff command is used to indicate the changes that is to be made in order to make the two files identical to each other.
24) What is the use of -l when listing a directory?
-l, which is normally used in listing command like ls, is used to show files in a long format, one file per line. Long format refers to additional information that is associated with the file, such as ownership, permissions, data and filesize.
25) What is piping?
Piping, represented by the pipe character “|”, is used to combine two or more commands together. The output of the first command serves as input the next command, and so on.
26) What is a superuser?
A superuser is a special type user who has open access to all files and commands on a system. Note that the superuser’s login is usually root, and is protected by a so-called root password.
27) How do you determine and set the path in UNIX?
Each time you enter a command, a variable named PATH or path will define in which directory the shell will search for that command. In cases wherein an error message was returned, the reason maybe that the command was not in your path, or that the command itself does not exist. You can also manually set the path using the “set path = [directory path]” command.
28) Is it possible to see information about a process while it is being executed?
Every process is uniquely identified by a process identifier. It is possible to view details and status regarding a process by using the ps command.
29) What is the standard convention being followed when naming files in UNIX?
One important rule when naming files is that characters that have special meaning are not allowed, such as * / & and %. A directory, being a special type of file, follows the same naming convention as that of files. Letters and numbers are used, along with characters like underscore and dot characters.
30) Why is it that it is not advisable to use root as the default login?
The root account is very important, and with abusive usage, can easily lead to system damage. That’s because safeguards that normally apply to user accounts are not applicable to the root account.
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It is a free shell designed to work on the UNIX system. Being the default shell for most UNIX-based systems, it combines features that are available both in the C and Korn Shell.
22) Enumerate some of the most commonly used network commands in UNIX?
– telnet – used for remote login – ping – an echo request for testing connectivity – su – user switching command – ftp – file transfer protocol used for copying files – finger – information gathering command
23) Differentiate cmp command from diff command.?
The cmp command is used mainly to compare two files byte by byte, after which the first encountered mismatch is shown. On the other hand, the diff command is used to indicate the changes that is to be made in order to make the two files identical to each other.
24) What is the use of -l when listing a directory?
-l, which is normally used in listing command like ls, is used to show files in a long format, one file per line. Long format refers to additional information that is associated with the file, such as ownership, permissions, data and filesize.
25) What is piping?
Piping, represented by the pipe character “|”, is used to combine two or more commands together. The output of the first command serves as input the next command, and so on.
26) What is a superuser?
A superuser is a special type user who has open access to all files and commands on a system. Note that the superuser’s login is usually root, and is protected by a so-called root password.
27) How do you determine and set the path in UNIX?
Each time you enter a command, a variable named PATH or path will define in which directory the shell will search for that command. In cases wherein an error message was returned, the reason maybe that the command was not in your path, or that the command itself does not exist. You can also manually set the path using the “set path = [directory path]” command.
28) Is it possible to see information about a process while it is being executed?
Every process is uniquely identified by a process identifier. It is possible to view details and status regarding a process by using the ps command.
29) What is the standard convention being followed when naming files in UNIX?
One important rule when naming files is that characters that have special meaning are not allowed, such as * / & and %. A directory, being a special type of file, follows the same naming convention as that of files. Letters and numbers are used, along with characters like underscore and dot characters.
30) Why is it that it is not advisable to use root as the default login?
The root account is very important, and with abusive usage, can easily lead to system damage. That’s because safeguards that normally apply to user accounts are not applicable to the root account.